On the new servo machines you have these dampers never really understood the purpose or function? Can you explain?
They prevent the machine from slamming into the end stop when unhomed.
If they’re hit hard they have a damping effect. When compressed slowly when hard stop homing is happening they can be easily bottomed out.
Okay! That helps thanks Eric 
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Understood, thank you for the explanation 
So they are mainly used for buffering and protection during abnormal operating conditions, preventing the machine tool from directly hitting the limit switch if it overshoots its position. They don’t play a control role during normal operation, which makes this design very reasonable.
Almost… these are closed loop servos. If they lose position the machine immediately stops. Unlike steppers where you could end up in a situation where they do overshoot if you lost position during a cut.
Really these dampers are only there for hard stop homing and overshooting on an unhomed machine.